Metal Casting-

Casting is the oldest and perhaps the most popular mean of producing the desired shape. The final product or the casting can be made from any metal that can be melted and have virtually any configuration. Castings have been produced in sizes varying from few millimeters to several meters and can weight from few grams to several tons.
The process basically involves melting and superheating the raw material up to the desire temperature. The molten metal is then allowed to solidifying in the mould cavity and on cooling, the product is taken out to get the casting. Several casting processes have been developed over the years - each having its own characteristics, applications, advantages and limitations.

Manufacturing Processess-

The main activity of manufacturing is to convert the unfinished product into a useful product. This can be achived through two principal types of manufacturing-
1) Process-type manufacturing
2) Fabrication-type manufacturing

The Detailed Design-

This includes providing detailed manufacturing instructions in the form of part drawings, assembly drawings and process instructions. Specifications of each part, components or subsystem are defined so that a manufacturer knows exactly what has to be made and how. Before such description are finally arrived at, the designer has to bring in the considerations of tolerance. Perfect accuracy cannot be achieved with any machine or process. No machine, no matter how precise, and no workman no matter how skilled, can produce two components that are exactly alike.

Purpose of design-

One of the most fundamental problems that every designer has to struggle with is to know that a good design is. Of course, he must design optimally and he must design to satisfy a need. But if we see what man is never satisfied with just the basic product that does the job adequqtely. Functionaaly the product is the multi-faceted concept. We in general recognize four major dimensions of functionality.