Welding-

In welding, two pieces of metals are permanently joined together by coalescence resulting from application of temperature and pressure. Depending upon the range of temperature and pressure used a wide variety of welding and allied processes are now available and used in manufacturing. The most commonly used welding methods are arc welding and gas welding.

Manufacturing Processess-

The main activity of manufacturing is to convert the unfinished product into a useful product. This can be achived through two principal types of manufacturing-
1) Process-type manufacturing
2) Fabrication-type manufacturing

What is Manufacturing-

Manufacturing now involves making products from raw materials by using various kinds of machines to carry out a variety of operations in a well-organized and coordinated manner. Manufacturing, in a broad sense, is the process of conversion of raw materials into final products. Here, product means something that is produced to satisfy human needs. Manufacturing therefore implies creating value by applying useful mental and physical labour. Fundamentally, manufacturing may be considered to be a process of technological transformation of a set of input elements into set of output elements whereby the utility of the product is increased. The technological transformation is optimized by considering both input and output elements as variables. The criteria for optimization could be increased utility or enhanced productivity. Utility may be evaluated in terms of revenue or profit, while productivity may be evaluated in terms of the number of pieces produced per unit time.

The Detailed Design-

This includes providing detailed manufacturing instructions in the form of part drawings, assembly drawings and process instructions. Specifications of each part, components or subsystem are defined so that a manufacturer knows exactly what has to be made and how. Before such description are finally arrived at, the designer has to bring in the considerations of tolerance. Perfect accuracy cannot be achieved with any machine or process. No machine, no matter how precise, and no workman no matter how skilled, can produce two components that are exactly alike.

Introduction-

Design and manufacturin activities initially evolved as seperate activities, totally delinked from each other. Traditionally, the design depertment completed the drawings and specifications of the product and passed them to the manufacturing department to produce.

Introduction-

Design and manufacturing activities initially evolved as seperate activities, totally delinked from each other. Traditionally, the design department completed the drawing and specifications of the product and passed them to the manufacturing department to produce. Design and manufacturing activities have, therefore, been carried out sequentially rather than concurrently. This often encountered difficulties because the design engineers could not anticipate production problems and this lack of communication often resulted in loss of production. An innovative approach to design is therefore, essential for the product to compete successfully in the market through savings in material and production costs. This requires the design engineer to be knowledgeable about the interrelationship between material, design and manufacturing, as well as the overall economics involved in developing a product. A synthetic approach towards integration of design and manufacturing is therefore, essential for optimizing all elements of the integrated manufacturing system.