Resources-

We may consider resources from two view points. One, the resources with the manufacturer of the device and two, the resources available with the users of the system, that is, the customers. The resources may be expressed as positive statements of availability or as negative statements of non-availability that can be called the constraints on the design. If we designing a bicycle for Indian villages to be manufactured at the small-scale industries level, the constraints of resources with the manufacturer consist of non-availability of heavy machinery, of highly-skilled labor and of high quality steel. The constraints of resources with the customer or the users may primarily be the lack of skilled repairmen. This may dictate the keeping of design as simple and easy to maintain as possible.

Inadequency of evolutionary Method in Modern Design Situation-

The traditional method of designing by evolution and slow change through trial-error are no longer adequate in the modern industrial world. Perhaps the most visible sign of the need for newer and better methods of designing is the experience of the massive unsolved problems that afflict modern society. In industrially advanced as well as non-so-advanced countries, the magnitude of such problems is truly frightening. If the world has to be fed and the standard of living of a vast majority of its population has to be raised above the bare substance level at which it is at present, we need a design revolution. Even the well to do countries are suffering under the burden of the problems created by the very industrial activity which is responsible for their wealth.