Heat Treatment-

Heat treatment operations involve controlled heating and cooling of metals for the purpose of altering their mechanical and metallurgical properties without and international change in the shape and size of the work piece. Heat treatment operations commonly used are hardening, tempering, normalizing and annealing.

1) Process-type manufacturing-

It involves continuous processing, that is the material goes through a series of process steps in a continuous manner which eventually gives the finished product. This type includes production of raw material and chemical products. The fabrication-type manufacturing involves production of discrete components and is achieved by changing the raw material into a final product using manufacturing processes and assembly operations.
The manufacturing processes that are used in fabrication-type manufacturing can be classified into five broad categories-
a) Casting
b) Forming
c) Machining
d) Welding
e) Heat treatement