Several types of furnaces are used for obtaining molten metal. Cupola is extensively used for melting cast iron primarily because of lower initial cost as well as melting cost. Induction furnaces and side-blow converter are used for melting other foundry alloys.
The most common way of pouring the molten metal into the mould cavity is through the use of ladles. Molten metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides and these must be separated out from the molten metal entering the mould cavity. Since slag can be easily separated from molten cast iron, top pouring ladles perform satisfactorily. For steels, bottom pouring ladles are generally used for effective slag separation.
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