Manufacturing Processess-

The main activity of manufacturing is to convert the unfinished product into a useful product. This can be achived through two principal types of manufacturing-
1) Process-type manufacturing
2) Fabrication-type manufacturing

Role of Manufacturing in Design-

A design engineer may come up with a product design which is functionally of high quality but if it has to become a reality, it must be produced at a competitive price and in a reasonable time to achieve customer satisfaction. Thus, in order to satisfy the basic requirements of quality and service life at an affordable price, the designer must be fully acquainted with the manufacturing methods or must collaborate closely with those who are specialist in the area.
The major step towards integration of design and manufacturing has been brought about by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. Earlier the use of computers was primarily confined to drafting, but with enhancement of computer capabilities, its use was extended to analysis and design activities and came to be known as CAD. CAM started before CAD and was developed essentially for process programming for computer controlled machine tools. Marging of these two areas led to the development of what has come to be known as computer-integrated-manufacturing. CIM is therefore, total integration of all aspects of design, planning, production, marketing and management.

What is Manufacturing-

Manufacturing now involves making products from raw materials by using various kinds of machines to carry out a variety of operations in a well-organized and coordinated manner. Manufacturing, in a broad sense, is the process of conversion of raw materials into final products. Here, product means something that is produced to satisfy human needs. Manufacturing therefore implies creating value by applying useful mental and physical labour. Fundamentally, manufacturing may be considered to be a process of technological transformation of a set of input elements into set of output elements whereby the utility of the product is increased. The technological transformation is optimized by considering both input and output elements as variables. The criteria for optimization could be increased utility or enhanced productivity. Utility may be evaluated in terms of revenue or profit, while productivity may be evaluated in terms of the number of pieces produced per unit time.

The Detailed Design-

This includes providing detailed manufacturing instructions in the form of part drawings, assembly drawings and process instructions. Specifications of each part, components or subsystem are defined so that a manufacturer knows exactly what has to be made and how. Before such description are finally arrived at, the designer has to bring in the considerations of tolerance. Perfect accuracy cannot be achieved with any machine or process. No machine, no matter how precise, and no workman no matter how skilled, can produce two components that are exactly alike.