Inadequency of evolutionary Method in Modern Design Situation-

The traditional method of designing by evolution and slow change through trial-error are no longer adequate in the modern industrial world. Perhaps the most visible sign of the need for newer and better methods of designing is the experience of the massive unsolved problems that afflict modern society. In industrially advanced as well as non-so-advanced countries, the magnitude of such problems is truly frightening. If the world has to be fed and the standard of living of a vast majority of its population has to be raised above the bare substance level at which it is at present, we need a design revolution. Even the well to do countries are suffering under the burden of the problems created by the very industrial activity which is responsible for their wealth.

Design by Evolution-

One characteristic feature of this process of design by evolution was that the designers worked largely by themselves, and communicated their ideas to others only through their work. Pieces of design onformation were stored in memory, learnt and passed down during the long periods of apprenticeshop of the master craftsmen. The overall shape of the product and the process of achiving it were passed on to the future generations of artisans, but the reasons for the same were lost in the absence of any tradition of codifying the design features.

Aesthetics-

A washing machine, even if it sits in the laundry room, must not just wash clean but most also look beautiful if it is to find customers. The source of our aesthetics, which is mainly concerned with what liiks right from a functional point of view, is primarily the observation of nature. A building shaped as an inverted pyramid would generally not lok right because it appers to be unstable

Method-

The method refers to the materials, tools and processes used for the execution of the design. A design must reflect the process used for executing it. The greate strength of steel in tension has been exploited to the extrame by pretensioning the spokes so that they are always in tension , even the externally applied load acts in a way that would have caused compression if there was no pre-tensioning.

Use-

The product that a designer develops is to be used by people. A well-designed product is one that can be used by people more comfortable, more safely and with more efficiency.

Need-

A design exists solely in response to a satisfied or a perceived need and, therefore the satisfaction of that need is the most essential function of a design

Purpose of design-

One of the most fundamental problems that every designer has to struggle with is to know that a good design is. Of course, he must design optimally and he must design to satisfy a need. But if we see what man is never satisfied with just the basic product that does the job adequqtely. Functionaaly the product is the multi-faceted concept. We in general recognize four major dimensions of functionality.

The process of design-

Design activity as defined above can be seen as process of building a bridge across the divide between the available resources available on one side, and the needs, desires and aspirations of mankind on the other. What makes the design process particularly difficult is the fact that designing in like fonding one’s way in a jungle without any map. There is very little to guide one along. There may be some experience with related or similar problems. But for a new problem, in general, one little to start with except a few ideas which are more in the nature of hope than anything else.

What is designing?

To design is to innovate and to create. The inventions of the wheel, the plough, the hurricane lantern the steam engine. The electric generator and the motor, the wireless and the computing machine are all designs of greater or lesser significance. However, an engineer is not the only person who designs. Almost all human activity seems to be revolving around design. It is an activity directed towards a need; it is creative; and it is concerned with the best use of resources.
Design is a process concerned with generating ideas and suggesting ways to turn these ideas into reality to satisfy some needs optimally under the trelevent constraints.

Introduction-

Design and manufacturing activities initially evolved as seperate activities, totally delinked from each other. Traditionally, the design department completed the drawing and specifications of the product and passed them to the manufacturing department to produce. Design and manufacturing activities have, therefore, been carried out sequentially rather than concurrently. This often encountered difficulties because the design engineers could not anticipate production problems and this lack of communication often resulted in loss of production. An innovative approach to design is therefore, essential for the product to compete successfully in the market through savings in material and production costs. This requires the design engineer to be knowledgeable about the interrelationship between material, design and manufacturing, as well as the overall economics involved in developing a product. A synthetic approach towards integration of design and manufacturing is therefore, essential for optimizing all elements of the integrated manufacturing system.